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The Personal Pronouns in English present the same function that the Pronomes Pessoais in Portuguese, replacing a noun, and acting like a subject or the object of a verb or a preposition. On this way we have:
Subject Personal Pronouns X Object Personal Pronouns
I (Eu) Me (Eu/Mim/Me)
You (Tu) You
He (Ele - homem) Him
She (Ela - mulher) Her
It (Ele*) It
We (Nós) Us
You (Vós) You
They (Eles) Them
Examples: I love chocolate. (Eu amo chocolate)
Paul is not here. He is travelling.
(Paul não está aqui. Ele está viajando)
"He" refere-se ao sujeito da oração anterior "Paul".
Tell Mary I will call her. (Diga à Mary que ligarei para ela)
"Her" substitui "Mary", evitando repetição do sujeito.
He gave me some tips. (Ele me deu algumas dicas)
Watch that in English, the First Person of Plural: I (eu) must always come in a major letter, even if it's in the middle of a sentence. Notice that we have a different form to refer to objects (IT), at the Second Person of Singular. And be careful to not confuse HE (Masculine Subject Personal Pronoun) with HER (Feminine Object Personal Pronoun).
The Object Personal Pronouns may be used as a complement of the verb To Be, as a way to give short answers, or yet in not formal speech with double subjects.
Who did this? - Him. (Quem fez isto? - Ele.)
Other answer would be: "It was him" (Foi ele).
Who is there? - Me. (Eu)
Other: "I am" (Eu estou)
John and me are going to watch a movie this Monday.
(John e eu estamos indo assistir um filme esta Segunda)
The formal speech for the double subject would be: John and I are going to watch a movie this Monday.
In a formal speech, you can use the Subject Personal Pronoun followed by the verb:
Who went there? - We did. (Mas não apenas o "We")
Different from Portuguese, the Personal Pronouns cannot be hidden.
Nós fomos à praia. = Fomos à praia => We went to the beach.
The pronouns We and You (Plural), can be used before nouns:
We adults know the things that you kids do to get rid of an earful.
(Nós adultos sabemos as coisas que vocês crianças fazem para se livrar de uma bronca)
*IT can be used for objects and animals, as to refer facts, time, weather or distances:
My dog is annoying. It barks all night. (Meu cachorro é chato. Ele late a noite toda)
It is terrible! (É terrível)
It is terrible! (É terrível)
It is nine o'clock. (São nove horas)
It rained for days. (Choveu por dias)
It is 4 meters from here. (Está a 4 metros daqui)
Or yet, it can be used to identify a person:
on the phone: Hello, it is Jane Austen! (No telefone: Alô, é Jane Austen!)
Is that our car? - No, it isn't. (É aquele o nosso carro? - Não, não é ele.)
It is Bono who sings on U2, isn't it? (É o Bono quem canta no U2, não é?)
There's much more to be explored on Personal Pronouns, but today we will stop here, so you won't get confused. Following is the link to download the related exercise. Good studies!
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